In TOGAF, Gap Analysis is a critical technique used during the Architecture Development Method (ADM) to identify the differences between the Baseline Architecture (current state) and the Target Architecture (future state). These gaps highlight what needs to change—whether it’s capabilities, systems, processes, or technologies.

Gap Analysis helps organizations:

• Understand what’s missing or needs improvement
• Prioritize initiatives
• Plan transition architectures and roadmaps

🧱 Key Concepts of TOGAF Gap Analysis

1. Baseline Architecture
   The current state of the enterprise architecture.
2. Target Architecture
   The desired future state aligned with business goals.
3. Identified Gaps
   The differences between the baseline and target states—these could be missing capabilities, outdated systems, or skill shortages.
4. Transition Architectures
   Intermediate states that help bridge the gap in manageable phases.

🖼️ Visual Diagram

Here’s a visual representation of the TOGAF Gap Analysis process:

🌍 Real-World Examples

1. Telecom Provider – 5G Network Rollout

Scenario:
A telecom company is transitioning from 4G to 5G infrastructure.

Gap Analysis in Action:

• Baseline Architecture: 4G LTE towers, legacy OSS/BSS systems.
• Target Architecture: 5G NR, edge computing, AI-driven network management.
• Identified Gaps: Lack of edge infrastructure, outdated billing systems.
• Transition Architectures: Hybrid 4G/5G zones, phased OSS upgrades.

Outcome:
Strategic investment planning and phased deployment with minimal service disruption.

2. University – Digital Learning Transformation

Scenario:
A university wants to modernize its learning environment post-pandemic.

Gap Analysis in Action:

• Baseline Architecture: On-premise LMS, limited remote access.
• Target Architecture: Cloud-based LMS, integrated video conferencing, mobile access.
• Identified Gaps: No mobile support, poor scalability.
• Transition Architectures: Pilot cloud LMS, integrate video tools, migrate in phases.

Outcome:
Improved student engagement and scalable digital infrastructure.

3. Retail Chain – Unified Customer Experience

Scenario:
A retail chain aims to unify its online and in-store customer experience.

Gap Analysis in Action:

• Baseline Architecture: Separate POS and e-commerce systems.
• Target Architecture: Unified CRM, real-time inventory, omnichannel analytics.
• Identified Gaps: Data silos, inconsistent customer profiles.
• Transition Architectures: API integration, centralized data lake.

Outcome:
Enhanced customer satisfaction and operational efficiency.

🧩 Conclusion

Gap Analysis in TOGAF is a powerful tool for identifying what needs to change to achieve strategic goals. By clearly mapping the current and future states, and defining the gaps, organizations can plan effective, phased transformations that deliver measurable value.